1. a. The first method is an amendment is proposed by Congress, and then it is voted on (2/3). In order to be ratified, a convention must be held and the states must come up with a 3/4 consensus.
b. One informal way of changing the constitution is simply by the use of political parties. Citizens vote on who is desired to be president, and the person with the most votes essentially wins. Political parties were not in the constitution. Another example is simply supreme court cases, like Brown Vs. Board of Education. Another example is simple legislation, which just spells out everything that the constitution already says without actually changing it in any way. Also, one can take into account the elastic clause.
c. Overall, informal amendment processes are much easier and they go a lot faster. Also, by partaking in the informal amendment process, nothing is actually changed about the Constitution.
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